Their goal is to draw the owners' attention to the flaw in the hope of receiving gratitude or a small reward. The assets of every company are made up of a variety of various systems. These systems have a strong cybersecurity posture, which necessitates coordinated actions across the board. As a result, cybersecurity can be divided into the following sub-domains:. Network security: It is the process of securing a computer network against unauthorized access, intruders, attacks, disruption, and misuse using hardware and software.
This security aids in the protection of an organization's assets from both external and internal threats. Example: Using a Firewall. Application security: It entails safeguarding software and devices against malicious attacks. This can be accomplished by regularly updating the apps to ensure that they are secure against threats.
Data security: It entails putting in place a strong data storage system that ensures data integrity and privacy while in storage and transport. Identity management: It refers to the process of identifying each individual's level of access inside an organization.
Example: Restricting access to data as per the job role of an individual in the company. Operational security: It entails analyzing and making decisions about how to handle and secure data assets. Example: Storing data in an encrypted form in the database. Mobile security: It refers to the protection of organizational and personal data held on mobile devices such as cell phones, PCs, tablets, and other similar devices against a variety of hostile attacks. Unauthorized access, device loss or theft, malware, and other threats are examples of these dangers.
Cloud security: It refers to the safeguarding of data held in a digital environment or in cloud infrastructures for an organization. It employs a variety of cloud service providers, including AWS, Azure, Google, and others, to assure protection against a variety of threats. The following are some of the advantages of putting cybersecurity in place and keeping it up to date:.
A botnet is a collection of internet-connected devices, such as servers, PCs, and mobile phones, that are infected with malware and controlled by it. It's used to steal data, send spam, launch distributed denial-of-service DDoS attacks, and more, as well as provide the user access to the device and its connection.
Honeypots are attack targets that are set up to see how different attackers attempt exploits. Private firms and governments can utilize the same concept to evaluate their vulnerabilities, which is widely used in academic settings.
Vulnerability assessment and penetration testing are two different phrases that both serve the same purpose: to secure the network environment. Vulnerability Assessment is a process for defining, detecting, and prioritizing vulnerabilities in computer systems, network infrastructure, applications, and other systems, as well as providing the necessary information to the organization to correct the flaws.
Penetration Testing is also known as ethical hacking or pen-testing. It's a method of identifying vulnerabilities in a network, system, application, or other systems in order to prevent attackers from exploiting them. It is most commonly used to supplement a web application firewall in the context of web application security WAF.
A vulnerability scan is similar to approaching a door and checking to see if it is unlocked before stopping. A penetration test goes a step further, not only checking to see if the door is unlocked but also opening the door and walking right in. A null session occurs when a user is not authorized using either a username or a password. It can provide a security concern for apps because it implies that the person making the request is unknown.
A brute force attack is a cryptographic assault that uses a trial-and-error approach to guess all potential combinations until the correct data is discovered. This exploit is commonly used by cybercriminals to gain personal information such as passwords, login credentials, encryption keys, and PINs.
It is very easy for hackers to implement this. Shoulder surfing is a form of physical assault that entails physically peering at people's screens while they type information in a semi-public space. Phishing is a sort of cybercrime in which the sender appears to be a legitimate entity such as PayPal, eBay, financial institutions, or friends and coworkers. They send an email, phone call, or text message to a target or target with a link to convince them to click on the link.
This link will take users to a fake website where they will be asked to enter sensitive information such as personal information, banking and credit card information, social security numbers, usernames, and passwords. By clicking the link, malware will be installed on the target machines, allowing hackers to remotely control them. Two-factor authentication 2FA , often known as two-step verification or dual-factor authentication, is a security method in which users validate their identity using two independent authentication factors.
This procedure is carried out in order to better protect the user's credentials as well as the resources that the user has access to.
Single-factor authentication SFA , in which the user gives only one factor — generally a password or passcode — provides a lower level of security than two-factor authentication TFA. Since possessing the defendant's password alone is not enough to accomplish the authentication check, two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security to the authentication process, making it more difficult for attackers to get access to a person's devices or online accounts.
A robust password policy is the most evident. Strong passwords should be enforced by every web application or public server. Standard user accounts, for example, must contain at least eight characters, a number, uppercase and lowercase letters, and a special character. Furthermore, servers should mandate password updates on a regular basis. Brute Force attack can also be avoided by the following methods A cyber threat a type of eavesdropping assault in which a cybercriminal wiretaps a communication or data transmission between two people is known as a man-in-the-middle attack.
Once a cybercriminal enters a two-way conversation, they appear to be genuine participants, allowing them to obtain sensitive information and respond in a variety of ways. The main goal of this type of attack is to acquire access to our company's or customers' personal information. On an unprotected Wi-Fi network, for example, a cybercriminal may intercept data passing between the target device and the network. Information protection protects data from unauthorized access by utilizing encryption, security software, and other methods.
Information Assurance ensures the data's integrity by maintaining its availability, authentication, and secrecy, among other things. Companies use VLANs to consolidate devices that are dispersed across several remote sites into a single broadcast domain.
VPNs, on the other hand, are used to transmit secure data between two offices of the same organization or between offices of different companies. Individuals also use it for their personal needs. VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, and it is a technology that creates a virtual tunnel for secure data transfer over the Internet.
Because it enables encryption and anonymization, a VPN is a more advanced but more expensive solution. A VLAN is useful for segmenting a network into logical sections for easier management, but it lacks the security characteristics of a VPN. A virtual local area network minimizes the number of routers required as well as the cost of deploying routers. A VPN improves a network's overall efficiency. Perimeter-based cybersecurity entails putting security measures in place to safeguard your company's network from hackers.
It examines people attempting to break into your network and prevents any suspicious intrusion attempts. The term " data-based protection " refers to the use of security measures on the data itself. It is unaffected by network connectivity. As a result, you can keep track of and safeguard your data regardless of where it is stored, who accesses it, or which connection is used to access it. SSL Secure Sockets Layer is a secure technology that allows two or more parties to communicate securely over the internet.
To provide security, it works on top of HTTP. It works at the Presentation layer. It's a form of cyber threat or malicious effort in which fraudsters use Internet traffic to fulfill legitimate requests to the target or its surrounding infrastructure, causing the target's regular traffic to be disrupted. The requests originate from a variety of IP addresses, which might cause the system to become unworkable, overload its servers, cause them to slow down or go offline, or prevent an organization from performing its essential responsibilities.
Intrusion Detection Systems IDS scan and monitor network traffic for signals that attackers are attempting to infiltrate or steal data from your network using a known cyber threat. ISM has evolved over the years to remain abreast with the incessantly varying user requirements.
LIPS Digital. Viewing and enjoying a movie or television program in an unknown language has been made possible with the help of subtitling technology pioneered by C-DAC GIST.
Moving from the analogue broadcast medium to digital, GIST labs have developed a subtitling system which supports Digital Video Broadcast standards. With this, the viewer now has choice of selecting the language for the subtitle at a click of a button.
LIPS Live. In the area of multi-lingual broadcast and TV, GIST products are visible everywhere: banners, scrollers, news-room automation tools, tele-prompters for the news-readers, to name only a few. LISM is the ideal multilingual office automation solution for Indian language word processing and data processing, on-line communication, publishing - including web publishing and other applications.
At such critical moments a Multiprompter Pro can be of utmost importance. In simple terms, a font provides for displaying a set of symbols through well-defined shapes for each symbol.
Fonts used to be created by craftsmen and artists during the days of printing machines that used movable type faces. Today, fonts are created by artists and designers who work with computer based tools. Shaili is a rich collection of computer generated designs which are inspired by the traditional Indian art forms. Reusable ornamental components and borders are exclusively tuned for web page designing. Shruti Drishti.
A powerful data collection software solutions for field surveys, field inspections and reporting of day-to-day issues using Mobile Android based devices. This facilitates on demand dynamic configuration of monitoring parameters without re-installation of app. Myo Electric Prosthetic Arm. Vehicle actuated road traffic signal controller that controls signal lamps over wireless medium. Violations are captured with the help of vehicle sensors, cameras and the controller hardware installed at the road intersection.
Sonic Ultrasonic Non Destructive test equipment for Space application. Special Thermal Insulating Materials are used to protect space vehicles from the enormous heat generated by friction while the vehicle pass through atmosphere. Industrial Controller iCON. The Industrial Wireless Sensor Node iWiSe is an ultra-low power wireless device capable of acquiring and processing signals from any industrial sensor and transmits the information wirelessly to a base station for monitoring and control.
Industrial Wireless Base Station iWase. The Industrial Wireless Base Station iWase is a panel mountable device which acquires and process sensor values from sensor nodes in wireless sensor network and relay the information to a central monitoring station. It delivers the benefits of advanced web technologies like RIA. Smart Energy Meter. Tarang melds diverse design technologies such as Digital Signal Processing DSP , algorithm and tightly-coupled firmware development, ASIC and analog circuit design and power management, along with the physics of audiology, the anatomy of the human ear, and precision mechanicals using fine-geometry components.
The core is designed to support different configuration modes controlled by core's register file. Floating Point computations plays a significant role in a variety of scientific and engineering applications. TRNG plays a very critical role in the field of cryptography. IoT Research Lab Kits. Smart Water Distribution Network. Air Quality Monitoring station. Fire can result in life threatening disasters and can be caused due to a variety of reasons. An early fire detection system becomes of critical importance in such circumstances.
Wi-Fi Data Logger. COPS Defender. With the advent of the standard protocol and for coexisting of legacy SCADA System, a multiprotocol gateway is needed. The interoperability issues are of main concern, the COPS Protocol Converter is developed to achieve interoperability by converting standard or proprietary protocol to a suitable standard protocol. Energy trading STOA software cloud based solution.
As a subset of Energy trading, the open access for bilateral transaction is for scheduling of Bilateral Transactions by availing of Short-Term Open Access for use of the transmission lines or associated facilities with such lines on the inter-State transmission system. The solution has been perfected over the years with more than man years. A HVAC system has been designed with an objective to maximize the comfort of the users inside a building with minimal energy consumption.
An automatic motorized zonal damper has been designed and developed to adjust the conditioned air inflow into a zone in buildings. A wireless solution for indoor air quality monitoring has been developed. The developed solution is to measure the environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, gaseous pollutants, Particulate Matter to determine the environmental health of an indoor space. Provides priority signal for Emergency Service Vehicles such as Ambulance, Fire fighting vehicles at signalized traffic junctions.
Provides additional time for crossing motorways for differently able pedestrian. Software Defined Radio SDR refers to a radio platform which can be programed through software often referred to as "waveforms" to assume different personalities. Software Defined Radios. This design is intended for ship borne applications but can be tailored for other form factors as well. Wide band Transceiver. This product is a wide band transceiver module with both transmit and receive functionalities with frequency hopping synthesizer and RF controller.
HF transmitter. This product is a HF power amplifier unit with all desirable features in addition to monitoring and protection circuits. L band transmitter. This product is a L Band power amplifier unit with all desirable features in addition to monitoring and protection circuits. Acoustic Gunshot detection System. It detects and conveys the location of gunfire using an array of acoustic sensors. These systems can be used by military, law enforcement and security agencies to identify the direction of gun fire.
Portable Acoustic Landmine Detector. Portable Acoustic Landmine Detector PALD can be operated by a single person to detect and discriminate artificial objects such as landmines buried in the ground. Example canvas color specifications include canvas:red and canvas: FF If no color is specified a ' white ' canvas image is generated. If no -size is specified a single pixel image of the specified color is generated.
If the inline image exceeds characters, reference it from a file e. You can also write a baseencoded image. Embed the mime type in the filename, for example, magick myimage inline:jpeg:myimage. Also useful as an output format when evaluating image read performance.
Specify the desired preview type via the -preview option. Use -size to specify the tiled image size. Tiles are composited on an image background and therefore is responsive to the -compose option. The image is specified similar to TILE:image. X RW Select image from or display image to your X server screen Also see the import and display programs.
XC R Canvas image of specified color An backward compatible alias for the ' canvas: ' psuedo-file format, used to create a solid color canvas image. To read, use -profile with magick. Format originally used on the Macintosh MacPaint? Use -quality to specify the image compression quality.
By default the BMP format is version 4. Use -set to specify the image gamma or black and white points e. Requires an explicit image format otherwise the image is interpreted as a TIFF image e.
Used by the medical community for images like X-rays. Use -define to specify the compression e. Use -define to specify the layout engine e.
Only available under Microsoft Windows. See High Dynamic-Range Images for details on this image format. This format is a fixed width of as required by the standard. FlashPix has the option to store mega- and giga-pixel images at various resolutions in a single file which permits conservative bandwidth and fast reveal times when displayed within a Web browser. Set the quality to to produce lossless HEIC images. Also known as HTM.
Specify the encoding options with the -define option. Note, JPEG is a lossy compression. Requires the jxrlib delegate library. Include additional attributes about the image with these defines: -define json:locate , -define json:limit , -define json:moments , or -define json:features.
This format persists all image attributes known to ImageMagick. The most efficient data processing pattern is a write-once, read-many-times pattern. This format permits you to write to and read images from memory. Files should be stored in a secure location with access only available for appropriate staff.
About us Contact us. Licensing criteria for centre-based ECE services Section 10 of the Education and Training Act external link defines an early childhood education and care centre as a premises that is used regularly for the education or care of 3 or more children not being children of the persons providing the education or care or children enrolled at a school who are being provided with education or care before or after school under the age of 6 years by day or part of a day but not for any continuous period of more than 7 days.
For each criterion there is guidance to help centres meet the required standards. The licensing criteria were last updated in April Search this document. Intent: Consistent robust safety checking helps assess whether people might pose a risk to children. Guidance Guidance Any examples in the guidance are provided as a starting point to show how services can meet or exceed the requirement. Who needs to be safety checked? A safety check is made up of 7 components: verification of identity including previous identities an interview information about work history referee information information from any relevant professional organisation or registration body a New Zealand police vet a risk assessment.
When do people need to be safety checked? Periodic rechecking must be done every 3 years. Instead, you should Shut down or hibernate. You should therefore switch your laptop from sleeping to hibernating when closing the lid or when your laptop goes to sleep. Note that you cannot enable hibernation if you previously enabled RAM encryption within Veracrypt. The reason is that Hibernation will actually shut down your laptop completely and clean the memory.
Sleep on the other hand will leave the memory powered on including your decryption key and could leave your laptop vulnerable to cold-boot attacks. You could be compelled by an adversary to reveal your password and all your secrets and will have no plausible deniability. Route B: Simple encryption of your current OS with later use of plausible deniability on files themselves:.
As you can see, Route C only offers two privacy advantages over the others, and it will only be of use against a soft lawful adversary. Always be sure to check for new versions of Veracrypt frequently to ensure you benefit from the latest patches. Especially check this before applying large Windows updates that might break the Veracrypt bootloader and send you into a boot loop.
So, make sure you check when doing the test boot what keyboard layout your BIOS is using. You do not have to have an HDD for this method, and you do not need to disable Trim on this route. Trim leaks will only be of use to forensics in detecting the presence of a Hidden Volume but will not be of much use otherwise. This route is rather straightforward and will just encrypt your current Operating System in place without losing any data. Be sure to read all the texts Veracrypt is showing you, so you have a full understanding of what is going on.
Here are the steps:. Enter a strong passphrase longer the better, remember Appendix A2: Guidelines for passwords and passphrases. To rescue disk or not rescue disk, well that is up to you.
I recommend making one just in case , just make sure to store it outside your encrypted drive USB key for instance or wait and see the end of this guide for guidance on safe backups. This rescue disk will not store your passphrase and you will still need it to use it.
If you have sensitive data on an SSD, Trim alone should take care of it but I would recommend one pass random data just to be sure. Test your setup. Veracrypt will now reboot your system to test the bootloader before encryption. This test must pass for encryption to go forward.
After your computer rebooted and the test is passed. You will be prompted by Veracrypt to start the encryption process. There will be another section on creating encrypted file containers with Plausible Deniability on Windows. This is only recommended on an HDD drive. This is not recommended on an SSD drive. Therefore, this route will recommend and guide you through a full clean installation that will wipe everything on your laptop. As you can see this process requires you to have two partitions on your hard drive from the start.
Encrypt your second partition the outer volume that will look like an empty unformatted disk from the decoy OS. Create a hidden volume within the outer volume of that second partition.
This is where the hidden OS will reside. This means that your current Windows 10 will become the hidden Windows 10 and that you will need to reinstall a fresh decoy Windows 10 OS. Also as mentioned earlier, disabling Trim will reduce the lifetime of your SSD drive and will significantly impact its performance over time your laptop will become slower and slower over several months of use until it becomes almost unusable, you will then have to clean the drive and re-install everything.
But you must do it to prevent data leaks that could allow forensics to defeat your plausible deniability The only way around this at the moment is to have a laptop with a classic HDD drive instead. Do not connect this OS to your known Wi-Fi. You should download the Veracrypt installer from a different computer and copy the installer here using a USB key. Use a strong passphrase remember Appendix A2: Guidelines for passwords and passphrases.
At this stage, you should copy decoy data onto the outer volume. In case you need to reveal a password to this Volume. Remember you must leave enough space for the Hidden OS which will be the same size as the first partition you created during installation.
Use a strong passphrase for the Hidden Volume obviously a different one than the one for the Outer Volume. Veracrypt will now restart and Clone the Windows where you started this process into the Hidden Volume.
This Windows will become your Hidden OS. Veracrypt will inform you that the Hidden System is now installed and then prompt you to wipe the Original OS the one you installed previously with the USB key. See Appendix A: Windows Installation and proceed with installing Windows 10 Home again do not install a different version and stick with Home.
Pre-Test your setup. You are mounting it as read-only now because if you were to write data on it, you could override content from your Hidden OS. Before going to the next step, you should learn the way to mount your Outer Volume safely for writing content on it.
Basically, you are going to mount your Outer Volume while also providing the Hidden Volume passphrase within the Mount Options to protect the Hidden Volume from being overwritten. Veracrypt will then allow you to write data to the Outer volume without risking overwriting any data on the Hidden Volume:. This operation will not actually mount the Hidden Volume and should prevent the creation of any forensic evidence that could lead to the discovery of the hidden OS.
However, while you are performing this operation, both passwords will be stored in your RAM and therefore you could still be susceptible to a Cold-Boot Attack. To mitigate this, be sure to have the option to encrypt your RAM too as instructed before. We must make the Decoy OS as plausible as possible. We also want your adversary to think you are not that smart. Therefore, it is important to voluntarily leave some forensic evidence of your Decoy Content within your Decoy OS.
This evidence will let forensic examiners see that you mounted your Outer Volume frequently to access its content. Be sure to keep a history of those. Remember that you will need valid excuses for this plausible deniability scenario to work:.
You are using Veracrypt because you are using Windows 10 Home which does not feature Bitlocker but still wanted Privacy. You have two Partitions because you wanted to separate the System and the Data for easy organization and because some Geek friend told you this was better for performance. You have used a weak password for easy convenient booting on the System and a Strong long passphrase on the Outer Volume because you were too lazy to type a strong passphrase at each boot. You encrypted the second Partition with a different password than the System because you do not want anyone in your entourage to see your stuff.
And so, you did not want that data available to anyone. If you did this, it would create forensics evidence of the Hidden Volume within the Decoy OS that could jeopardize your attempt at plausible deniability. If you did this anyway intentionally or by mistake from the Decoy OS, there are ways to erase forensics evidence that will be explained later at the end of this guide. You should always mount it as read-only.
The Hidden OS is only meant to protect you from a soft adversary that could gain access to your laptop and compel you to reveal your password. Be careful of any tampering with your laptop.
Evil-Maid Attacks can reveal your hidden OS. This step and the following steps should be done from within the Host OS. In this route, we will make extensive use of the free Oracle Virtualbox software. Even if your VM is compromised by malware, this malware should not be able to the VM and compromise your actual laptop. It will allow us to force all the network traffic from your client VM to run through another Gateway VM that will direct torify all the traffic towards the Tor Network.
Your VM will lose its network connectivity completely and go offline if the other VM loses its connection to the Tor Network. With this solution, all your network goes through Tor, and it should be sufficient to guarantee your anonymity in most cases.
To mitigate this, you might have to consider the next option: VPN over Tor but consider some risks associated with it explained in the next section. This solution can bring some benefits in some specific cases vs using Tor only where accessing the destination service would be impossible from a Tor Exit node.
If an adversary somehow manages to compromise the Tor network too, they will only reveal the IP of a random public Wi-Fi that is not tied to your identity. If an adversary somehow compromises your VM OS with malware or an exploit for instance , they will be trapped within the internal Network of Whonix and should be unable to reveal the IP of the public Wi-Fi. This solution however has one main drawback to consider: Interference with Tor Stream Isolation Stream isolation is a mitigation technique used to prevent some correlation attacks by having different Tor Circuits for each application.
Here is an illustration to show what stream isolation is:. When you do not mind using a shared Tor circuit for various services. For instance, when using various authenticated services. If your goal however is to use the same identity at each session on the same authenticated services, the value of Stream isolation is lessened as you can be correlated through other means. You should also know that Stream Isolation is not necessarily configured by default on Whonix Workstation.
It is only pre-configured for some applications including Tor Browser. Also, note that Stream Isolation does not necessarily change all the nodes in your Tor circuit. It can sometimes only change one or two. In many cases, Stream Isolation for instance within the Tor Browser will only change the relay middle node and the exit node while keeping the same guard entry node.
Well, I would not necessarily it:. We do not trust them. I prefer a situation where your VPN provider does not know who you are. It does not add much in terms of anonymity. It does not help in terms of convenience. See Appendix X: Using Tor bridges in hostile environments. This will of course have a significant performance impact and might be quite slow, but Tor is necessary somewhere for achieving reasonable anonymity.
Achieving this technically is easy within this route, you need two separate anonymous VPN accounts and must connect to the first VPN from the Host OS and follow the route. Or just because you can and so why not. If you can use VPNs then you should be able to add a Tor layer over it. One of the VPN providers will know your real origin IP even if it is in a safe public space and even if you add one over it, the second one will still know you were using that other first VPN service.
This will only slightly delay your de-anonymization. Yes, it is an added layer … but it is a persistent centralized added layer, and you can be de-anonymized over time. This is just chaining 3 ISPs that are all subject to lawful requests. In the context of this guide, Tor is required somewhere to achieve reasonable and safe anonymity and you should use it if you can.
If you cannot use VPN nor Tor where you are, you probably are in a very hostile environment where surveillance and control are extremely high. Just do not, it is not worth it and too risky IMHO. You can be de-anonymized almost instantly by any motivated adversary that could get to your physical location in a matter of minutes. In addition, using Tor where you are could put you in trouble just for that.
But Tor is still the best solution for anonymity and must be somewhere for anonymity. It might be a bit less secure against correlation attacks due to breaking Tor Stream isolation but provides much better convenience in accessing online resources than just using Tor. If your intent however is just to browse random services anonymously without creating specific shared identities, using tor friendly services; or if you do not want to accept that trade-off in the earlier option.
If both Tor and VPN access are impossible or dangerous then you have no choice but to rely on Public wi-fi safely. This route will use Virtualization and Whonix as part of the anonymization process. Whonix is a Linux distribution composed of two Virtual Machines:. The Whonix Gateway this VM will establish a connection to the Tor network and route all the network traffic from the Workstation through the Tor network.
You will be able to decide which flavor to use based on my recommendations. I recommend the second one as explained before. Later, you will create and run several Virtual Machines within Virtualbox for your sensitive activities.
If for any reason later you want to go back to that state, you can restore that snapshot at any moment. Meaning that you will be able to erase all the traces of your activities within a VM by restoring a Snapshot to an earlier state. Forensics studies have shown the ability to recover data from a reverted VM Fortunately, there will be ways to remove those traces after the deletion or reverting to an earlier snapshot. Such techniques will be discussed in the Some additional measures against forensics section of this guide.
This will conclude the preparations and you should now be ready to start setting up the final environment that will protect your anonymity online. Do not enable 2D acceleration. This one is done running the following command VBoxManage modifyvm "vm-id" --accelerate2dvideo on off.
This one is done running the following command VBoxManage modifyvm "vm-id" --acpi on off. Disable the USB controller which is enabled by default. This offset should be within a millisecond range and should be different for each VM and here are some examples which can be later applied to any VM :. If you intend to use Tor over VPN for any reason. Remember that in this case, I recommend having two VPN accounts. More on that later. You can decide if you prefer to conduct your sensitive activities from the Whonix Workstation provided in the earlier section highly recommended or from a Custom VM that will use the Whonix Gateway like the Whonix Workstation less secure but might be required depending on what you intend to do.
Just use the provided Whonix Workstation VM. It is the safest and most secure way to go on this route. It is also the only VM that will provide Stream Isolation pre-configured for most apps by default Do not forget to apply the VM hardening recommendations here: Virtualbox Hardening recommendations. Be careful, any customization you make to the non-Whonix guest VMs keyboard layout, language, time zone, screen resolution, or other could be used to fingerprint your VMs later.
Use the Linux Distro of your choice. I would recommend Ubuntu or Fedora for convenience but any other would work too. Be sure to not enable any telemetry. See Appendix V1: Hardening your Browsers as well. Shut down the Whonix Gateway VM this will prevent Windows from sending out telemetry and allow you to create a local account. Follow the steps in Appendix A: Windows Installation. IP address Subnet prefix length 18 Gateway DNS Every time you will power on this VM in the future, make sure you change its Ethernet Mac Address before each boot.
You can only do this while the VM is powered off. Because sometimes you want to run mobile Apps anonymously too. You can also set up an Android VM for this purpose. As in other cases, ideally, this VM will also be sitting behind the Whonix Gateway for Tor network connectivity.
Select Advanced if you want persistence, Live if you want a disposable Boot and skip the next steps. Set up as you wish disable all prompts for data collections. I recommend using the TaskBar Home. You can run any version of macOS you want. Afterward, and during the install, you will need to input an IP address manually to connect through the Whonix Gateway.
There are some drawbacks to running macOS on Virtual Machines. The main one is that they do not have a serial number 0 by default and you will be unable to log in to any Apple-provided service iCloud, iMessage… without a genuine ID. Note: I also ran in multiple issues with running these on AMD processors. This can be fixed so here is the configuration I used which worked fine with Catalina and Big Sur which will tell Virtualbox to emulate an Intel Processor instead:.
This is the ability to create entries for 2FA authentication with the authenticator feature. You should never do any sensitive activities from your Host OS. If you decided to not use a cash-paid VPN and just want to use Tor, skip this step. If your VPN client does this or asks this, you should consider changing the provider. I would recommend against this unless you are in a hurry or very lazy. This should keep things in check in terms of security.
This way is not supported by the Whonix project but I will go ahead and give this option anyway. Note that this option as-is will only work on Wi-Fis without a captive portal where you must enter some information to unlock access. For this to work, we will need to change some configurations on the Whonix Gateway VM.
To do those changes the Host OS will still have to have internet access allowed for now. The goal here is to associate with a Wi-Fi network without having an internet connection. We will achieve this by deleting the Gateway from the connection after you are connected:. Run the following command: route delete 0. You are done, your Host OS will now be unable to access the internet while still connected to the Wi-Fi. Run the following command: sudo ip route del default this deletes the Gateway from your IP configuration.
Run the following command: sudo route delete default this deletes the Gateway from your IP configuration. This way will not go against Whonix recommendations as it will not expose the Whonix Gateway to the Host OS and will have the advantage of allowing connections not only to open Wi-Fis but also to the ones with a Captive Portal where you need to enter some information to access the internet.
Yet this will still not be supported by the Whonix project, but it is fine as the main concern for the earlier Lazy Way is to have the Whonix Gateway VM exposed to the Host Network, and it will not be the case here.
For this purpose, I will recommend the use of a lightweight Linux Distro. Any will do but the easiest IMHO will be an Ubuntu-based distro and I would recommend the lightweight XUbuntu as it will be extremely easy to configure this setup.
Of course, you can also achieve this with any other Linux distro if you so decide you do not like XUbuntu. From the upper left menu, select System, Tor Control Panel, and check that you are connected you should be.
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